Atolls are the only hominin to have probably evolved in Europe. Homo Neanderthalensis is believed to have evolved around 600,000 years ago.

Before the emergence of Homo Heidelbergensis, early hominids had reached Europe. The Sima del Elefante in Spain is Europe's earliest securely dated site.

Homo Heidelbergensis is believed to have been the common ancestor of both modern humans and Neanderthals. However, DNA tests suggest that they were early or proto-Neanderthals.

Around 450,000 to 400,000 years ago, the Neanderthal hominin distinct from Homo Heidelbergensis emerged. They had larger brains, eyes, and noses than modern humans.

Neanderthals had thick jaws but no chins, a protruding bun on the back of their head, and were short but stocky.

Archaeologists believe that Neanderthals and Homo Heidelbergensis were both ambush hunters. They hunted large prey by hiding in the forest and leaping out at them.